BRIAN HESS: So, Jack, given what you were saying about the hyperscalers and their aggressive CapEx spending, that seems to be resulting in a high degree of fixed income issuance. Does that play into active fixed income managers in the current environment?
JACK JANASIEWICZ: Sure. And I think that's very important because as we continue to see this CapEx spend, because of the AI build out that nobody wants to lose that race, you need to fund that CapEx spend. And we're seeing it coming from both equity issuance, as well as bond issuance. And bond issuance, especially on the investment grade side, just from the hyperscalers is almost doubled from them. And so when you think about the index constituencies and the weights that are going to be in there, you're just going to get a bigger weighting towards tech in these hyperscalers going forward. And so now, you're talking about not just concentration risk equity markets. That's starting to spill over into the bond markets. And so this could be good, could be bad. I think you need someone who's actively looking at this saying, yeah, this is an opportunity here or it's a risk in managing around that.
BRIAN HESS: Yeah, given that we're late cycle and credit spreads are so compressed, we're not doing a whole lot with fixed income ETFs because we can't get granular down to the individual bond level or issuer level. As we start to potentially enter into that second half slowdown you highlighted, there could be some differentiation, some winners and losers where being able to pick which sectors or industries you're in, or which individual names you're in could have a big benefit, as opposed to just buying the high-yield market or the whole IG market the way we would have to do with an ETF and not getting compensated very much through that average credit spread, that's quite tight.
JACK JANASIEWICZ: Yeah, and the other thing to think about too, along the same lines, there's going to be a duration component. The curve is going to move. And to be able to take advantage of maybe some potential opportunities where you think the curve is a little bit mispriced, especially on maybe the rate outlook, you can take advantage of that as well through active management. So to your point, there's a lot of opportunity in the fixed income market. And I think it makes even more sense these days to look at active management on that front.