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Comment le marché fragilise le capital-investissement... tout en le renforçant.

avril 08, 2026 - 4 min

Quelle que soit la classe d'actifs, les investisseurs ont horreur de l'incertitude. Aujourd'hui, l'incertitude règne. Nous sommes confrontés à l'incertitude géopolitique et, tout à coup, à nouveau, à l'incertitude sur les taux d'intérêt. Du côté des opportunités, je pense que le capital-investissement a beaucoup mûri.

 

Nous avons beaucoup entendu parler de la concentration des marchés américains, mais le capital-investissement devient-il lui aussi trop concentré ?

Il y a certes eu une forte concentration dans le monde du capital-investissement ces dernières années, et nous avons désormais beaucoup de, ou plutôt quelques, devrais-je dire, très grands fonds et beaucoup de fonds plus modestes. Je pense qu'en réalité, ce n'est pas trop concentré. Je pense que cela a beaucoup de sens tant pour les investisseurs que pour les entreprises et les gestionnaires de fonds. Je pense que pour des sociétés comme Flexstone, qui se concentrent sur le small et mid market, c'est une excellente opportunité, car, comme j'aime le dire, 80 % des entreprises dans le monde sont privées. Le monde est privé, et la majorité de ces entreprises sont de petite taille en termes de chiffre d'affaires et de rentabilité. Cela ouvre de nombreuses opportunités d'investissement dans le small et mid market, pour créer de la valeur au bénéfice des investisseurs.

 

Les cycles d'investissement en capital-investissement se raccourcissent-ils ? Comment le modèle d'investissement traditionnel à long terme en capital-investissement peut-il s'adapter aux changements économiques rapides ?

Je ne pense pas qu'il y ait un raccourcissement du cycle d'investissement dans le capital-investissement. L'investissement dans le capital-investissement est une stratégie d'investissement à long terme et cela ne changera pas, du moins à mon avis. Ce qui change cependant, c'est qu'il est devenu beaucoup plus difficile de générer de la valeur. Si l'on examine comment la valeur est générée dans le capital-investissement, il faut trois éléments. Il faut un effet de levier, il faut une expansion des multiples, et il faut bien sûr la croissance des actifs sous-jacents que l'on achète, les entreprises sous-jacentes. Dans le passé, l'effet de levier était peu coûteux et l'on pouvait en utiliser beaucoup sur les entreprises. L'expansion des multiples, elle, était quasiment acquise. En réalité, avec ces deux leviers de création de valeur, une croissance annuelle d'environ 5 % des entreprises acquises permettait d'atteindre un multiple de 2,5 sur cinq ans.

Aujourd'hui, avec un effet de levier plus coûteux et moins accessible, et une expansion des multiples devenue improbable compte tenu des niveaux de valorisation, il faut viser environ 12 % de rendement brut annuel sur les actifs sous-jacents pour obtenir un multiple de 2,5 pour les investisseurs. Cela signifie donc que les investisseurs ou les professionnels du capital-investissement doivent être capables d'aider les entreprises qu'ils acquièrent à croître de 12 % par an. Ce n'est pas facile, et c'est un tout autre défi pour ces opérateurs.

 

Quelles sont les plus grandes menaces et opportunités externes que vous prévoyez pour le marché du capital-investissement au cours des 3 à 5 prochaines années ?

Quelle que soit la classe d'actifs, les investisseurs détestent l'incertitude. Aujourd'hui, l'incertitude règne. Nous sommes confrontés à l'incertitude géopolitique et, tout à coup, à nouveau, à l'incertitude sur les taux d'intérêt et, comme vous le savez, les taux d'intérêt sont un facteur clé de la performance en capital-investissement. Toutes ces incertitudes sont donc les éléments qui me préoccuperont pour les deux ou trois prochaines années. Du côté des opportunités, je pense que le capital-investissement en général a beaucoup mûri. C'est devenu une classe d'actifs beaucoup plus sophistiquée et, par conséquent, on assiste à l'émergence d'une nouvelle stratégie d'investissement, que nous trouvons très attractive : il s'agit bien sûr des secondaires et de tous les dérivés des secondaires, qui ont connu une croissance très importante au cours des dernières années et qui continueront de croître. Nous sommes très intéressés par l'augmentation de notre allocation aux secondaires. Nous observons également des tendances liées aux gérants émergents ainsi qu'aux fundless sponsors, que nous considérons encore aujourd'hui comme des segments relativement de niche du marché, mais qui, selon nous, vont connaître une croissance très significative, et auxquels nous allouerons du capital.

 

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