Sovereigns were the main contributors to growth in the green bond market for 2023. They issued $161 billion in green bonds, the highest level ever, a 50% increase on 2022.

Corporate issuers, on the other hand, disappointed as they issued ‘just’ $238bn, 10% less than the previous year. They spurned sustainable formats as well as SLBs, although certain sectors with less experience of the GSSB market stood out, such as communications, consumer discretionary and industrials whose penetration rates rise.

In geographical terms, EMEA remains the most heavily represented zone, while the APAC region’s level of issuance has remained flat for the past three years, at around $280 billion, and the Americas saw its issuance of labelled debt fall significantly in 2023, to $144 billion versus $224 billion in 2021. Turning to currencies, the euro and the US dollar, while they continue to dominate the market, together accounted for only 63% of total issuance, compared with 80% in 2020. Meanwhile, the yuan accounted for 10% of the total in 2023.

One last trend we are observing is the shortening of maturities. After 2019, the Global Green Bond index saw a sharp increase in duration relative to a conventional index, following the arrival on the GSSB market of sovereign issues with maturities exceeding 20 years. However, since 2022, and the rising interest rates imposed by central banks to combat inflation, issuers that favoured very long maturities to take advantage of exceptionally low rates have had to review their strategy and seek financing on shorter or intermediate maturities. This, combined with the need to accelerate energy transition and finance projects with shorter time horizons, has returned the Global Green Bond index to duration levels closer to those of a conventional universe. And lastly, insofar as rising interest rates exert mechanical downward pressure on durations, today’s bond market has a lower average duration than before.

Which new GSSB issuers joined the market in 2023?

Sovereigns were the life of the party this year, and no fewer than eight new issuers joined in 2023, mainly from emerging countries: Brazil and Cyprus issued sustainability-linked bonds, while India, Israel and Turkey opted for green issues.

Meanwhile, we listed about 120 new corporate issuers. Among them, a notable amount of green bonds issued by automotive firms such as Stellantis, Valeo, LG Energy Solutions and Autoliv. Mirova’s ESG Research teams particularly appreciate the green bond issued by East Japan Railway and that issued by packaging firm DS Smith, among others. 2023 also witnessed the entry of several Central European banks on the sustainable bond market, including Banca Transilvania and Bank Pekao.

New players were less common in the social bonds market, however a mention is due to the Natwest issue, in which 100% of Use of Proceeds will finance SMEs run and/or owned by women. However, once again last year, we had to turn down any number of programmes, primarily due to unambitious decarbonisation strategies on the part of the companies issuing them. We are thinking in particular of issuers in the areas of fast-fashion, mass retail and gas utilities.

Responsible investment opportunities have also arisen in the conventional universe. Indeed, of the 15 or so first-time issuers we identified in 2023 in the euro universe, two-thirds were eligible for Mirova's investment universe. Among the new issuers that we have deemed as having a strong positive impact is Veralto, the Danaher spin-off set up last September, which specialises in water and food quality control systems, as well as treatment systems with a positive impact on biodiversity.